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Industrial Blowers
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Introduction
Here is concise and complete information about industrial blowers and their use.
You will learn:
What is an Industrial Blower?
Types of Industrial Blowers
How Industrial Blowers are Used
How Industrial Blowers are Made
And much more…
Centurion Series Industrial Blower
Chapter One – What is an Industrial Blower?
An industrial blower is a device that enhances the air flow effectively and efficiently using an electric motor, impeller, and airfoils enclosed in a tightly sealed housing. The purpose and function of industrial blowers is to increase airflow and remove contaminants, dust, dirt, and particulate matter. They are highly technical devices designed to produce higher pressure than a fan at a ratio of 1.11 to 1.2, which places them somewhere between a fan and a compressor.
Centrifigual Blower
The types of Industrial blowers are centrifugal, multi stage centrifugal, axial, and positive displacement. Centrifugal blowers have a gear system and have a single or multiple stage construction. Axial industrial blower models are simpler to household fans with a central shaft that has blades attached while positive displacement blowers have a rotor geometry.
The classification of industrial blowers is based on the direction of the air flow with centrifugal blowers and axial blowers being the two categories. A centrifugal blower uses centrifugal flow and force while an axial blower uses axial movement.
Chapter Two – Types of Industrial Blowers
Industrial blowers are an essential part of any type of production or manufacturing operation to increase airflow and create positive air pressure. Present day industrial blowers were developed in the middle of the first industrial revolution as an air pump for internal combustion engines. The simple design of these initial designs included a motor, shaft, and impeller blades.
The first industrial blowers have progressed and advanced into a wide variety of types, uses, designs, and applications to assist in the performance of industrial jobs and help in making work faster, easier, and safer. The modern industrial blower is used in processes to create a steady and strong flow of air or gas.
Though there is a wide assortment of types of industrial blowers, there are a few that are commonly used because of their endurance, reliability, and are flexible enough to adapt to a variety of conditions. They make it possible for large scale production work to be completed efficiently, reliably, quickly, and effectively.
Positive Displacement Industrial Blowers
Positive displacement industrial blowers, also known as lobe blowers, release air at a specific time, pressure, velocity, and direction, using a safety valve. The name lobe blower comes from two propellers in the mechanism that counter rotate. Air enters a chamber of the blower and exits through an outlet. This design allows the blower to maintain constant air flow and pressure.
Positive Displacement Blowers
Centrifugal Industrial Blower
Centrifugal industrial blowers are the most frequently used type of industrial blower found in ventilation systems due to its capacity to continuously transfer gas and air as well as block air pollutants. The air stream goes through a set of rotating impellers where the speed and volume of the air is steadily increased. The fan wheel shifts in direction and accelerates as the amount of air passing through increases. As more air enters, the kinetic energy of the blower increases.
Centrifugal Industrial Blowers
Multi Stage Centrifugal Blowers
Multi stage centrifugal blowers are used in operations where a variable flow at a constant pressure is a requirement. They build pressure by accelerating the air flow using impellers and decelerate the flow through the use of long radius and high efficiency diffusers. A valve at the suction side modulates the airflow while maintaining a constant and even pressure.
Baffle rings guide the airflow into the eye of the impeller reducing inlet passage losses. Balance pistons negates axial force and reduces pressure on the drive bearings, which increases bearing life and minimizes leakage. Two dimensional multi stage shrouded impellers are keyed to the shaft and balanced for smooth operation without vibrations.
A flexible coupling connects the blowers and exhaust to the power source to make the best use of power and minimize bearing loads. Housings for multi stage centrifugal blowers vary in accordance with the size of the blower with larger blowers having heavy duty cast iron housings while smaller ones are made of aluminum. Intermediate components are made of steel rods while the blower and driver are mounted on a steel baseplate.
The sealing of a multi stage centrifugal blower takes several forms. Labyrinth sealing minimizes gas leaks and stops airflow from reversing. For certain special applications, carbon ring seals or mechanical seals are used that provide superior sealing with mechanical seals being a dry seal technology that significantly reduces emissions.
Multi stage centrifugal blowers have a wide range of flows from 25 CFM up to 25,000 CFM and use multiple impeller configurations to achieve the required pressure and flow. The number of stages of a multi stage centrifugal blower can vary from one up to 10 or 11 depending on the pressure requirements with each of the various stages being a compression stage.
Multi Stage Centrifugal Blower
Regenerative
Regenerative industrial blowers are known as high flow low pressure compressed air blowers. They produce a rapid flow of compressed air with low pressure or a vacuum. Air circulating in the housing is compressed, which generates pressure. This type of blower can be single or two stages, where the air circulates once in a single stage blower and twice in a two stage. The two stage type of regenerative blower creates higher pressure.
Single Stage Regenerative Industrial Blower
High Speed Industrial Blower
A high speed industrial blower operates at very high speed creating high pressure and rapid airflow. It has an electric motor and impellers placed around the shaft of the blower to increase the volume of air being taken in. The construction of a high speed blower consists of a valve to release the air and a compression unit to control blower speed. Each of these factors is easily adjustable to fit the needs of the operation.
High Speed Blower
Helical Screw Industrial Blower
A helical screw industrial blower has a main rotor with two lobes and a second rotor. The main rotor is placed in the flute of the second rotor. The design of helical screw industrial blowers is more intricate but is extremely efficient in producing higher pressure. The two rotors turn in a helical pattern, which is carefully timed to avoid contact.
Helical Screw Blower
Axial Industrial Blower
Axial industrial blowers create positive and negative pressure around their blades, which creates airflow. The fan blades are positioned vertically and tilted to allow for atmospheric pressure changes. In an axial blower, the air is forced to move in an axial parallel direction to the shaft where the blades rotate. This design is what creates the air pressure difference causing the continuous airflow. The performance of an axial fan is determined by its number of blades and their shape.
Tube Axial Blower
Vapor Recovery Industrial Blower
Vapor recovery industrial blowers are a special type of centrifugal blower designed to collect vapors of gas and fuels such that they do not escape into the atmosphere. Under certain conditions, this type of industrial blower is required by law in cases where there are noxious, explosive, and flammable fumes. Pressure builds up in fuel storage tanks as they get filled. The vapors from the pressure are removed by vapor recovery industrial blowers that send it on to become natural gas or burned off.